Reference: WAF Terminology

This guide assumes that you have some familiarity with various Layer 7 (L7) Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) concepts, such as Uniform Resource Identifier (URI)/Uniform Resource Locator (URL), method, header, cookie, status code, request, response, and parameters.

Term	Definition
Alarm	If selected, the WAF system records requests that trigger the violation in the remote log (depending on the settings of the logging profile).
Attack signature	Textual patterns which can be applied to HTTP requests and/or responses by WAF to determine if traffic is malicious. For example, the string <script> inside an HTTP request triggers an attack signature violation.
Attack signature set	A collection of attack signatures designed for a specific purpose (such as Apache).
Bot signatures	Textual patterns which can be applied to an HTTP request's User Agent or URI by WAF to determine if traffic is coming from a browser or a bot (trusted, untrusted or malicious). For example, the string googlebot inside the User-Agent header will be classified as trusted bot, and the string Bichoo Spider will be classified as malicious bot.
Block	To prevent a request from reaching a protected web application. If selected (and enforcement mode is set to Blocking), WAF blocks requests that trigger the violation.
Blocking response page	A blocking response page is displayed to a client when a request from that client has been blocked. Also called blocking page and response page.
Enforcement mode	Security policies can be in one of two enforcement modes: Transparent mode In Transparent mode, Blocking is disabled for the security policy. Traffic is not blocked even if a violation is triggered with block flag enabled. You can use this mode when you first put a security policy into effect to make sure that no false positives occur that would stop legitimate traffic. Blocking mode In Blocking mode, Blocking is enabled for the security policy, and you can enable or disable the Block setting for individual violations. Traffic is blocked when a violation occurs if you configure the system to block that type of violation. You can use this mode when you are ready to enforce the security policy. You can change the enforcement mode for a security policy in the security policy JSON file.
Entities	The elements of a security policy, such as HTTP methods, as well as file types, URLs, and/or parameters, which have attributes such as byte length. Also refers to elements of a security policy for which enforcement can be turned on or off, such as an attack signature.
False positive	An instance when WAF treats a legitimate request as a violation.
File types	Examples of file types are .php, .asp, .gif, and .txt. They are the extensions for many objects that make up a web application. File Types are one type of entity a WAF policy contains.
Illegal request	A request which violates a security policy
Legal request	A request which has not violated the security policy.
Loosening	The process of adapting a security policy to allow specific entities such as File Types, URLs, and Parameters. The term also applies to attack signatures, which can be manually disabled — effectively removing the signature from triggering any violations.
Parameters	Parameters consist of “name=value” pairs, such as OrderID=10. The parameters appear in the query string and/or POST data of an HTTP request. Consequently, they are of particular interest to WAF because they represent inputs to the web application.
TPS/RPS	Transactions per second (TPS)/requests per second (RPS). In WAF, these terms are used interchangeably.
Tuning	Making manual changes to an existing security policy to reduce false positives and increase the policy’s security level.
URI/URL	The Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) specifies the name of a web object in a request. A Uniform Resource Locator (URL) specifies the location of an object on the Internet. For example, in the web address, http://www.siterequest.com/index.html, index.html is the URI, and the URL is http://www.siterequest.com/index.html. In WAF, the terms URI and URL are used interchangeably.
Violation	Violations occur when some aspect of a request or response does not comply with the security policy. You can configure the blocking settings for any violation in a security policy. When a violation occurs, the system can Alarm or Block a request (blocking is only available when the enforcement mode is set to Blocking).